{"id":689,"date":"2015-11-30T03:33:09","date_gmt":"2015-11-30T03:33:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/aphidtrek.org\/?page_id=689"},"modified":"2024-12-31T22:39:57","modified_gmt":"2024-12-31T22:39:57","slug":"ericaphis","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/aphidtrek.org\/?page_id=689","title":{"rendered":"Ericaphis"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong><em>Ericaphis<\/em> B\u00f6rner<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This page updated:&nbsp;December 2024.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>I am prompted to do a quick mini-review of the <em>Ericaphis<\/em> of North America by some actual applied work in blueberries in Washington state.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/aphidtrek.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/Ericaphis-gentneri-Hayden-15-v-2011-2.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"269\" src=\"https:\/\/aphidtrek.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/Ericaphis-gentneri-Hayden-15-v-2011-2-300x269.jpg\" alt=\"Ericaphis gentneri fundatrix from northern Idaho. This is one of the only species in this group that is fairly easy to recognize.\" class=\"wp-image-690\" srcset=\"https:\/\/aphidtrek.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/Ericaphis-gentneri-Hayden-15-v-2011-2-300x269.jpg 300w, https:\/\/aphidtrek.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/Ericaphis-gentneri-Hayden-15-v-2011-2-1024x919.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/aphidtrek.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/Ericaphis-gentneri-Hayden-15-v-2011-2.jpg 1041w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Ericaphis gentneri fundatrix from northern Idaho. This is one of the only species in this group that is fairly easy to recognize.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>As I have mentioned when <a href=\"https:\/\/aphidtrek.org\/?page_id=158\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">describing my collection<\/a>, <em>Ericaphis<\/em> is one of the genera in which I largely abandoned&nbsp; species-level determinations many years ago.&nbsp; The reasons for this include:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The literature is mostly inadequate to use in recognition of species. For example, the descriptions by Mason (1940) are made to a standard that is simply not detailed enough in the context of all the species now described and the actual diversity of the group on the ground.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>My field experience collecting in western North America has given me a strong hunch that there are potentially several undescribed monoecious holocyclic species (see some notes below), plus some heteroecious life cycles yet to be fully elucidated, plus some apparent oligophagy in which one species completes a life cycle on a number of perennial shrubs.&nbsp; These issues make species names especially difficult to apply: some names might apply to aphids found on multiple hosts through an annual life cycle (e.g. perhaps two names are now used for one biological species), while other names might correctly apply to a narrower conception than is currently accepted (e.g. perhaps one name is now used for more than one biological species).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>A quick glance at the writing by others on this group, such as <a href=\"http:\/\/www.aphidsonworldsplants.info\/d_APHIDS_E.htm#Ericaphis\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Blackman and Eastop<\/a>, suggests the pervasiveness of confusion.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Because of these factors, I have spent the past 20+ years collecting <em>Ericaphis<\/em> and filing them together but without species names attached.&nbsp; In the accounts below, I&nbsp; will cover some of the details of the named species of <em>Ericaphis<\/em>, note the ways in which other published accounts are incomplete in view of my collection, etc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"species-list\">Species names covered below (click on the name to jump to that species):<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"#e-fimbriata\"><em>Ericaphis fimbriata <\/em>(Richards)<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#e-gentneri\"><em>Ericaphis gentneri<\/em> (Mason)<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#e-harmstoni\"><em>Ericaphis harmstoni <\/em>(Knowlton)<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#e-lilii\"><em>Ericaphis lilii <\/em>(Mason)<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#e-louisae\"><em>Ericaphis louisae <\/em>Pike<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#e-scammelli\"><em>Ericaphis scammelli <\/em>(Mason)<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#e-scoliopi\"><em>Ericaphis scoliopi<\/em> (Essig)<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span lang=\"EN-US\"><a href=\"#e-voegtlini\"><em>Ericaphis voegtlini<\/em>&nbsp;Barjadze, Jensen &amp; Kanturski<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#e-wakibae\"><em>Ericaphis wakibae <\/em>(Hottes)<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#undet-spp\">Unidentifiable species not covered above<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#a-dorsatum\"><em>Aulacorthum dorsatum <\/em>Richards<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#a-pterinigrum\"><em>Aulacorthum pterinigrum <\/em>Richards<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"e-fimbriata\"><strong><em>Ericaphis fimbriata <\/em><\/strong>(Richards)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This species name is at the crux of the practical question for blueberry producers afflicted by pestiferous <em>Ericaphis<\/em> in the west.&nbsp; The species was first described by W.R. Richards in 1959 based on less than 20 specimens all collected from cultivated strawberries (Rosaceae) on Lulu Island in British Columbia, Canada.&nbsp; This is not uncommon, basing a new species on so few specimens, but is itself reason to doubt whether any specimens collected subsequently from other plants or at other times of year from the same plant, are the same aphid species.&nbsp; Aphids are just too variable to confidently tie a huge range of subsequent samples to such a limited description.&nbsp; Many specimens collected since Richards&#8217; description were found on&nbsp; various species of <em>Rosa<\/em>, including many in my collection (samples from <em>Rosa<\/em> so far: British Columbia, Washington, Oregon, Idaho, and Utah).<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/aphidtrek.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Ericaphis-fimbriata-apt-AJ5805.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"660\" height=\"543\" src=\"https:\/\/aphidtrek.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Ericaphis-fimbriata-apt-AJ5805.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2443\" srcset=\"https:\/\/aphidtrek.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Ericaphis-fimbriata-apt-AJ5805.jpg 660w, https:\/\/aphidtrek.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Ericaphis-fimbriata-apt-AJ5805-300x247.jpg 300w, https:\/\/aphidtrek.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Ericaphis-fimbriata-apt-AJ5805-624x513.jpg 624w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 660px) 100vw, 660px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">An apterous vivipara of Ericaphis fimbriata collected on a wild rose in the Uinta Mountains of Utah. Slide #AJ5805.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>Since 1959, aphids in this group have been studied and collected extensively in Washington and British Columbia in association with the blueberry (Ericaceae: <em>Vaccinium<\/em>) industry in the region.&nbsp; The name <em>E. fimbriata<\/em> has commonly been applied to these specimens, and I agree that it is a reasonable decision based on morphology.&nbsp; On the other hand, the species <em>E. scammelli<\/em> was originally described from cranberry (<em>Vaccinium<\/em>) in New Jersey, including alate males and oviparae, indicating a monoecious life cycle.&nbsp; Mason described this one in 1940 based on an indeterminate number of specimens and, because of the type of description and slide preparation common at the time, provided almost no useful information in the description.&nbsp; So, left with the work of others to separate <em>E. scammelli<\/em> and <em>E. fimbriata<\/em>, we might look at Richards&#8217;s original description of <em>Fimbriaphis<\/em> (a junior synonym of <em>Ericapahis<\/em>) in which paper he included a key to separate these two species.&nbsp; However, he provided information about the alate vivipara of <em>E. scammelli<\/em> that appears to be incorrect (stating that it has no dark dorsal abdominal sclerite).&nbsp; So even in 1959 confusion was arising, militating against clear understanding of the species.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Where the state of things sits now is that apparently some of us aphid taxonomists are tempted to think that there are two species that look remarkably similar: one that feeds on Ericaceae (including blueberries), we might call it <em>E. scammelli<\/em>, and a second species that feeds on Rosaceae (<em>E. fimbriata<\/em>).&nbsp; This is a reasonable thing to think; aphids are savvy botanists and tend to be faithful to families of plants.&nbsp; Based on my study, however, there is not a reliable way to separate these morphologically, and we lack published data on molecular or life cycle studies.&nbsp; Further, my hunch might be that the populations on Ericaceae in Eastern North America could be a different species from everything occurring in the West.&nbsp; They seem closely similar, but without more study, I simply think we cannot reliably decide what <em>E. fimbriata<\/em> encompasses, and the best we might offer is a tentative identification such as <em>Ericaphis<\/em> &#8220;<em>fimbriata\/scammelli<\/em>.&#8221;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#species-list\">Back to top<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"e-gentneri\"><strong><em>Ericaphis gentneri<\/em><\/strong> (Mason)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This is an easily recognized species of <em>Ericaphis<\/em> in North America because it seems to be faithful to <em>Crataegus<\/em> (hawthorn, Rosaceae) as host, and because it has 3 pairs of setae on the cauda.&nbsp; I don&#8217;t often write about details of taxonomic characters because that is a big black hole to get into.&nbsp;But, this is an exception.&nbsp;The other species of <em>Ericaphis<\/em> in North America have 2 pairs of setae on the cauda, which in this group and in <em><a href=\"https:\/\/aphidtrek.org\/?page_id=263\">Wahlgreniella<\/a><\/em> seems to be a strangely stable character.&nbsp; <em>Ericaphis gentneri<\/em> differs further from most other <em>Ericaphis<\/em> by lacking spinules on the head, and by having sensoria on the antennal segment III in apterous viviparae.&nbsp; This species may in fact be related to other species of <em>Ericaphis<\/em>, but I think this is one of several examples I might write about in which greater knowledge of the diversity of this and related genera, through extensive field work, might be needed to understand the placement of <em>E. gentneri<\/em> and the reasonable scope of <em>Ericaphis<\/em> generally (see comments below on apparently undescribed species).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#species-list\">Back to top<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"e-harmstoni\"><strong><em>Ericaphis harmstoni <\/em><\/strong>(Knowlton)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This is one of those species names that simply haunts us years later and contributes little else except being something called an &#8220;available name.&#8221;&nbsp; This species was described based on a very small number (description is not clear, but perhaps 2?) of alate viviparae, with no clear evidence that the collection host plant, <em>Symphoricarpos<\/em>, was a true host (i.e. no reproduction reported).&nbsp; Given the complexity of species taxonomy in this general group of aphids, recognition of <em>E. harmstoni<\/em>, based on the two alate viviparae types and the original description, is nearly impossible.&nbsp; Realistically, the best we might do with this name down the road is decide that the specimens attached to it belong to some understood species and either sink this name in synonymy or resurrect it with a new clear set of specimens and description.&nbsp; Until such time, my feeling is that this name should be set aside.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#species-list\">Back to top<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"e-lilii\"><strong><em>Ericaphis lilii <\/em><\/strong>(Mason)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>I have two samples that I am tempted to call <em>E. lilii<\/em>, mainly because they are actually from <em>Lilium<\/em> species, but partly because they fit the key in Blackman and Eastop. Once again, the description by Mason (1940) is inadequate for species recognition, and besides, was based on only 9 alate viviparae and 4 apterous viviparae all from the same place and time.&nbsp; I remember collecting this aphid from what was probably <em>Lilium columbianum<\/em> in the Cascade Mountains and thinking that it was recently migrating to that plant from elsewhere.&nbsp; I have some <em>Ericaphis<\/em> material from Rosa that seems not to be <em>E. fimbriata<\/em> or <em>E. wakibae<\/em>.&nbsp; Could it be <em>E. lilii<\/em>? Much work is needed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#species-list\">Back to top<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"e-louisae\"><strong><em>Ericaphis louisae <\/em><\/strong>Pike<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>I was fortunate to work with Keith Pike throughout my aphid career.&nbsp; We learned aphid taxonomy somewhat in parallel, he getting into it from the perspective of parasitoid wasps, me from potato pest management and then basic biodiversity\/evolution.&nbsp; I remember discussing with Keith what generic placement was appropriate for this rather specialized aphid, and deciding that <em>Ericaphis<\/em> was probably best.&nbsp;Because I don&#8217;t like long hikes, and have not learned to backpack, I have only seen the host plant of this aphid a couple times (<em>Luetkea<\/em> lives only at high elevations, often well above timberline).&nbsp; I have not yet collected the aphid.&nbsp; But thank goodness Keith was thorough, and I have confidence this is a species distinct from the others in <em>Ericaphis<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#species-list\">Back to top<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"e-scammelli\"><strong><em>Ericaphis scammelli <\/em><\/strong>(Mason)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In addition to all the complications mentioned above with <em>E. fimbriata<\/em>, recognition of this species is brought into question by the photo of a mounted specimen in <a href=\"http:\/\/www.aphidsonworldsplants.info\/Plate_22.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Blackman and Eastop, plate 22f<\/a>.&nbsp; This photo shows dark colored legs and siphunculi, which are not the case in specimens I have collected across the continent on Ericaceae (so far: various <em>Vaccinium<\/em> species in British Columbia, Washington, Oregon, and Idaho; <em>Empetrum nigrum<\/em> from Maine; <em>Ledum<\/em> or <em>Kalmia<\/em> from Quebec; <em>Phyllodoce<\/em> from Idaho).&nbsp; My specimens of apterous viviparae have more or less pale siphunculi and legs.&nbsp; Good chance this discrepancy is an artifact of specimen preparation or slide mounting for the specimen figured on plate 22, but one cannot be sure, hence hesitation in assigning species names to my material.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#species-list\">Back to top<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"e-scoliopi\"><strong><em>Ericaphis scoliopi<\/em><\/strong> (Essig)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>I agree with the currently accepted notion there are at least 2 species of <em>Ericaphis<\/em> on Liliaceae and related monocots in western North America.&nbsp; Identifying any of them as <em>E. scoliopi<\/em> or <em>E. lilli<\/em> is made difficult by all the plant taxa I have samples from &#8212; apterae, oviparae, and males from <em>Streptopus<\/em>; fundatrix and apterae from <em>Clintonia<\/em>; colonizing alatae from <em>Habenaria<\/em> (Orchidaceae).&nbsp; Is one or more of these <em>E. scoliopi<\/em>?&nbsp; I fear that cannot be determined without comparison to the original type specimens.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/aphidtrek.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Ericaphis-ex-Clintonia-King-County-AJ3747.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"592\" height=\"580\" src=\"https:\/\/aphidtrek.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Ericaphis-ex-Clintonia-King-County-AJ3747.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2445\" srcset=\"https:\/\/aphidtrek.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Ericaphis-ex-Clintonia-King-County-AJ3747.jpg 592w, https:\/\/aphidtrek.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Ericaphis-ex-Clintonia-King-County-AJ3747-300x294.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 592px) 100vw, 592px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">An apterous vivipara of an Ericaphis living on Clintonia (Liliaceae) in King County, Washington. Slide #AJ3747.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#species-list\">Back to top<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"e-voegtlini\"><span lang=\"EN-US\"><em><strong>Ericaphis voegtlini<\/strong><\/em>&nbsp;Barjadze, Jensen &amp; Kanturski<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In 2018 I had the pleasure of collaborating with colleagues from Poland (Kanturski) and Georgia (Barjadze) in the description of this aphid.&nbsp; As we wrote what little is known about this distinctive aphid: &#8220;The new aphid species is associated with <em>Chamaebatia&nbsp;<\/em><em>foliolosa<\/em> Benth. (Rosaceae). Its sexual morphs and life history are unknown, but probably it is monoecious holocyclic. The aphid species is presumably endemic to California, as is its host plant.&#8221;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#species-list\">Back to top<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"e-wakibae\"><strong><em>Ericaphis wakibae <\/em><\/strong>(Hottes)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This is a species that has taken 25 years of study for me to finally come to a point of possible understanding.&nbsp; It was originally described by Hottes from the plant <em>Pedicularis<\/em> and, as a junior synonym, from <em>Rosa<\/em> by Richards (as <em>Placoaphis siphunculata<\/em>).<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/aphidtrek.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/Ericaphis-wakibae-ex-Rosa-Hayden-Lake-15-v-2011.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-700\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"290\" src=\"https:\/\/aphidtrek.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/Ericaphis-wakibae-ex-Rosa-Hayden-Lake-15-v-2011-300x290.jpg\" alt=\"Ericaphis wakibae fundatrix, green form, on wild rose in northern Idaho.\" class=\"wp-image-700\" srcset=\"https:\/\/aphidtrek.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/Ericaphis-wakibae-ex-Rosa-Hayden-Lake-15-v-2011-300x290.jpg 300w, https:\/\/aphidtrek.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/Ericaphis-wakibae-ex-Rosa-Hayden-Lake-15-v-2011-768x743.jpg 768w, https:\/\/aphidtrek.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/Ericaphis-wakibae-ex-Rosa-Hayden-Lake-15-v-2011.jpg 784w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Ericaphis wakibae fundatrix, green form, on wild rose in northern Idaho.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>In the wet forests of the Pacific Northwest, this aphid is very common on roses and easily and consistently recognized.&nbsp; For me the trick has been whether all the many specimens from other plants are conspecific with those from roses.&nbsp;&nbsp; So far I have specimens that seem to be secondary host forms of <em>E. wakibae<\/em> from: <em>Circaea<\/em> (Onagraceae), <em>Goodyera<\/em> (Orchidaceae), <em>Pedicularis<\/em> (Orobanchaceae), and <em>Phyllodoce<\/em> and <em>Vaccinium<\/em> (Ericaceae).&nbsp; The connection between the forms on <em>Rosa<\/em> and these secondary host forms was first suggested to me by Victor Eastop via personal correspondence.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft\"><a href=\"https:\/\/aphidtrek.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/Ericaphis-wakibae-Rosa-Hayden-v-2010-1.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-701\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"228\" src=\"https:\/\/aphidtrek.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/Ericaphis-wakibae-Rosa-Hayden-v-2010-1-300x228.jpg\" alt=\"Ericaphis wakibae fundatrix, red form, on Rosa in northern Idaho.\" class=\"wp-image-701\" srcset=\"https:\/\/aphidtrek.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/Ericaphis-wakibae-Rosa-Hayden-v-2010-1-300x228.jpg 300w, https:\/\/aphidtrek.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/Ericaphis-wakibae-Rosa-Hayden-v-2010-1.jpg 606w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Ericaphis wakibae fundatrix, red form, on Rosa in northern Idaho.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>After many more years of collecting and a few hours of study with the microscope, I conclude that Eastop was probably right. I have material from British Columbia, Alberta, Washington, Oregon, Idaho, and Colorado.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/aphidtrek.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/Ericaphis-wakibae-Rosa-Hayden-v-2010-3.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-702\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"889\" height=\"752\" src=\"https:\/\/aphidtrek.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/Ericaphis-wakibae-Rosa-Hayden-v-2010-3.jpg\" alt=\"Ericaphis wakibae alate vivipara from Rosa in northern Idaho.\" class=\"wp-image-702\" srcset=\"https:\/\/aphidtrek.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/Ericaphis-wakibae-Rosa-Hayden-v-2010-3.jpg 889w, https:\/\/aphidtrek.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/Ericaphis-wakibae-Rosa-Hayden-v-2010-3-300x254.jpg 300w, https:\/\/aphidtrek.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/Ericaphis-wakibae-Rosa-Hayden-v-2010-3-768x650.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 889px) 100vw, 889px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Ericaphis wakibae alate vivipara from Rosa in northern Idaho.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/aphidtrek.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Ericaphis-cf-wakibae-on-Pedicularis-from-BC-AJ5185.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"761\" height=\"572\" src=\"https:\/\/aphidtrek.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Ericaphis-cf-wakibae-on-Pedicularis-from-BC-AJ5185.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2449\" srcset=\"https:\/\/aphidtrek.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Ericaphis-cf-wakibae-on-Pedicularis-from-BC-AJ5185.jpg 761w, https:\/\/aphidtrek.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Ericaphis-cf-wakibae-on-Pedicularis-from-BC-AJ5185-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/aphidtrek.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Ericaphis-cf-wakibae-on-Pedicularis-from-BC-AJ5185-624x469.jpg 624w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 761px) 100vw, 761px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">An apterous vivipara identified as Ericaphis wakibae collected on a Pedicularis in central British Columbia.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#species-list\">Back to top<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"undet-spp\"><strong>Unidentifiable species not covered above<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In 2018 I found an unusual aphid on <em>Vaccinium uliginosum<\/em> (<em>sensu lato<\/em>) in bogs at moderate elevations in the Cascade Mountains of Oregon.&nbsp; It was very small and hardly detectable except by my beating tray collecting technique.&nbsp; In the field through a hand lens it looked like an <em>Aphis<\/em> or <em>Rhopalosiphum<\/em>, with short siphunculi and a moderately long cauda (siphunculi and cauda about equally long).&nbsp; Slide mounting revealed that it is an <em>Ericaphis<\/em> but with unusually short appendages.&nbsp; I collected the fundatrix and apterous vivipara in 2018.&nbsp; Hopefully in coming years I can secure the other morphs.&nbsp; The only trick is finding infested plants in places that don&#8217;t require getting my boots wet!<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/aphidtrek.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Ericaphis-apt-ex-Vaccinium-uliginosum-AJ10144.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"569\" height=\"668\" src=\"https:\/\/aphidtrek.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Ericaphis-apt-ex-Vaccinium-uliginosum-AJ10144.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2452\" srcset=\"https:\/\/aphidtrek.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Ericaphis-apt-ex-Vaccinium-uliginosum-AJ10144.jpg 569w, https:\/\/aphidtrek.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Ericaphis-apt-ex-Vaccinium-uliginosum-AJ10144-256x300.jpg 256w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 569px) 100vw, 569px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">An apterous vivipara (or possibly a fundatrix) of the apparently undescribed Ericaphis that lives on Vaccinium uliginosum, this one from the Cascade Range in Oregon. Slide #AJ10144.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>In 2019 I found another unusual and almost certainly undescribed <em>Ericaphis<\/em> in the mountains of northern California living on <em>Spirea splendens<\/em>. In 2020 I found this aphid again in the Cascade Mountains of Lane County, Oregon. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#species-list\">Back to top<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"a-dorsatum\"><strong><em>Aulacorthum dorsatum <\/em><\/strong>Richards<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For a couple decades I have assumed that this species and <em>A. pterinigrum<\/em> actually belong to <em>Ericaphis<\/em>.&nbsp; The main thing that throws us off with these species is the presence of secondary sensoria on antennal segment III of the apterae.&nbsp; However, the general appearance in life, spinulation of the head, and the cauda with 2 pairs of lateral setae made me think that these species and <em>Ericaphis<\/em> go together.&nbsp; I promised elsewhere not to make nomenclatural changes on my website, so I list these as <em>Aulacorthum<\/em> on the <em>Ericaphis<\/em> page.&nbsp;Ha!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The key to species on <em>Gaultheria<\/em> in Blackman and Eastop separates <em>A. dorsatum<\/em> from <em>A. pterinigrum<\/em> by the wrinkled abdominal dorsum in the latter.&nbsp; Another character that seems to hold is the lack of spinules dorsally on the antennal tubercles of <em>A. dorsatum<\/em>.&nbsp; I have material of this species from British Columbia and Washington, all on <em>Gaultheria<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/aphidtrek.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Eric-Aul-dorsatum-pterinigrum-apt-AJ3213.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"791\" height=\"679\" src=\"https:\/\/aphidtrek.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Eric-Aul-dorsatum-pterinigrum-apt-AJ3213.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2447\" srcset=\"https:\/\/aphidtrek.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Eric-Aul-dorsatum-pterinigrum-apt-AJ3213.jpg 791w, https:\/\/aphidtrek.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Eric-Aul-dorsatum-pterinigrum-apt-AJ3213-300x258.jpg 300w, https:\/\/aphidtrek.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Eric-Aul-dorsatum-pterinigrum-apt-AJ3213-768x659.jpg 768w, https:\/\/aphidtrek.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Eric-Aul-dorsatum-pterinigrum-apt-AJ3213-624x536.jpg 624w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 791px) 100vw, 791px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">An apterous vivipara of Aulacorthum dorsatum northwestern Washington. Slide #AJ3213.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#species-list\">Back to top<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"a-pterinigrum\"><strong><em>Aulacorthum pterinigrum <\/em><\/strong>Richards<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>See my notes on generic placement above.&nbsp; Also, as noted above, my specimens suggest that Blackman and Eastop are correct to separate <em>A. pterinigrum<\/em> specimens from <em>A. dorsatum<\/em> species the way they do.&nbsp; That said, it seems obvious that they are closely related species.&nbsp; An important thing to note is that dorsal pigmentation of the apterae is highly variable in both species and cannot be relied upon to identify the species.&nbsp; I have specimens identified as <em>A. pterinigrum<\/em> on <em>Gaultheria<\/em> and <em>Vaccinium<\/em> from British Columbia, Washington, and Oregon.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/aphidtrek.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/Ericaphis-ex-Gaultheria-nr-Waldport-2-June-2019.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"808\" height=\"724\" src=\"https:\/\/aphidtrek.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/Ericaphis-ex-Gaultheria-nr-Waldport-2-June-2019.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1654\" srcset=\"https:\/\/aphidtrek.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/Ericaphis-ex-Gaultheria-nr-Waldport-2-June-2019.jpg 808w, https:\/\/aphidtrek.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/Ericaphis-ex-Gaultheria-nr-Waldport-2-June-2019-300x269.jpg 300w, https:\/\/aphidtrek.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/Ericaphis-ex-Gaultheria-nr-Waldport-2-June-2019-768x688.jpg 768w, https:\/\/aphidtrek.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/Ericaphis-ex-Gaultheria-nr-Waldport-2-June-2019-624x559.jpg 624w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 808px) 100vw, 808px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">This is probably one of these two &#8220;Aulacorthum&#8221; species. I picked it up at the Pacific Ocean near Waldport Oregon in early June.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/aphidtrek.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Eric-Aul-dorsatum-pterinigrum-apt-AJ2197.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"874\" height=\"540\" src=\"https:\/\/aphidtrek.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Eric-Aul-dorsatum-pterinigrum-apt-AJ2197.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2448\" srcset=\"https:\/\/aphidtrek.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Eric-Aul-dorsatum-pterinigrum-apt-AJ2197.jpg 874w, https:\/\/aphidtrek.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Eric-Aul-dorsatum-pterinigrum-apt-AJ2197-300x185.jpg 300w, https:\/\/aphidtrek.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Eric-Aul-dorsatum-pterinigrum-apt-AJ2197-768x475.jpg 768w, https:\/\/aphidtrek.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Eric-Aul-dorsatum-pterinigrum-apt-AJ2197-624x386.jpg 624w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 874px) 100vw, 874px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">An apterous vivipara of Aulacorthum pterinigrum from the Oregon coast. Slide #AJ2197.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#species-list\">Back to top<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ericaphis B\u00f6rner This page updated:&nbsp;December 2024. I am prompted to do a quick mini-review of the Ericaphis of North America by some actual applied work in blueberries in Washington state. As I have mentioned when describing my collection, Ericaphis is one of the genera in which I largely abandoned&nbsp; species-level determinations many years ago.&nbsp; The [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":256,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-689","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/aphidtrek.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/689","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/aphidtrek.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/aphidtrek.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aphidtrek.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aphidtrek.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=689"}],"version-history":[{"count":25,"href":"https:\/\/aphidtrek.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/689\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2454,"href":"https:\/\/aphidtrek.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/689\/revisions\/2454"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aphidtrek.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/256"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/aphidtrek.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=689"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}